PhoenixBIOS: Difference between revisions

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PhoenixBIOS is a personal computer BIOS developed by [[Phoenix Technologies]] since 1983. It is the first IBM PC compatible BIOS to be legally licensed to other system vendors, and thus marks the beginning of competition between Phoenix and other commercial BIOS vendors who later developed their own solutions (such as [[American Megatrends]] with their [[AMIBIOS]] and [[Award Software]] with their [[AwardBIOS]]).
PhoenixBIOS is a personal computer BIOS developed by [[Phoenix Technologies]] since 1983. It is the first IBM PC compatible BIOS to be legally licensed to other system vendors, and thus marks the beginning of competition between Phoenix and other commercial BIOS vendors who later developed their own solutions (such as [[American Megatrends]] with their [[AMIBIOS]] and [[Award Software]] with their [[AwardBIOS]]).


Prior to its introduction, vendors attempted to implement their own compatible solutions by copying portions of the IBM BIOS source code from reference manuals, which was illegal due to copyright infringement and usually resulted in legal action by IBM.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=gy4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA15</ref> Phoenix developed its solution using a method called the "[[wikipedia:Chinese_wall#Computer_science|Chinese Wall]]" to avoid copyright infringement. Using this method, one group of their engineers first read the reference manuals to reverse engineer the various functions of the BIOS, documenting how they worked without writing any actual code, and then passed those documents to another engineer who wrote his own code to mimic those functions. According to Phoenix's Vice President of Marketing, Lance Hansche, "He (the engineer) was a TI-9900 programmer" and that "The TI-9900 processor ([[wikipedia:TMS9900|Texas Instruments TMS9900]]) is stack oriented, it doesn't have registers like the [[wikipedia:Intel_8088|(Intel) 8088]]" and also that "There's no way his code could be the same as IBM's, it took us 3 months of memos to convince him to use registers at all!"<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=Bwng8NJ5fesC&pg=PA56</ref>. During this process, the audit trail of both groups' interactions was also recorded to prove the legality of their implementation. Since the engineers who wrote the BIOS never looked at the reference manuals, they could not have copied the IBM BIOS source code, so this implementation did not violate IBM's copyright and was therefore legal.
Prior to its introduction, vendors attempted to implement their own compatible solutions by copying portions of the IBM BIOS source code from reference manuals, which was illegal due to copyright infringement and usually resulted in legal action by IBM.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=gy4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA15</ref> Phoenix developed its solution using a method called the "[[wikipedia:Chinese_wall#Computer_science|Chinese Wall]]" to avoid copyright infringement. Using this method, one group of their engineers first read the reference manuals to reverse engineer the various functions of the BIOS, documenting how they worked without writing any actual code, and then passed those documents to another engineer who wrote his own code to mimic those functions. According to Phoenix's Vice President of Marketing, Lance Hansche, "He (the engineer) was a TI-9900 programmer" and that "The TI-9900 processor ([[wikipedia:TMS9900|Texas Instruments TMS9900]]) is stack oriented, it doesn't have registers like the [[wikipedia:Intel_8088|(Intel) 8088]]" and also that "There's no way his code could be the same as IBM's, it took us 3 months of memos to convince him to use registers at all!"<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=Bwng8NJ5fesC&pg=PA56</ref>. During this process, the audit trail of both groups' interactions was also recorded to prove the legality of their implementation. Since the engineer who wrote the BIOS never looked at the reference manuals, he could not have copied the IBM BIOS source code, so this implementation did not violate IBM's copyright and was therefore legal.


Today, especially since the early 2010s, it has been largely replaced by [[Phoenix SecureCore|SecureCore]], which is Phoenix's UEFI solution.
Today, especially since the early 2010s, it has been largely replaced by [[Phoenix SecureCore|SecureCore]], which is Phoenix's UEFI solution.
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== List of known versions ==
== List of known versions ==
The following is a list of known versions of PhoenixBIOS.
The following is a list of known versions of PhoenixBIOS.
<!-- ServerBIOS should probably be merged into 4.0 Release 6.x, will look into it later -->
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100;%"
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100;%"
|+List of known PhoenixBIOS versions
|+List of known PhoenixBIOS versions
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|-
|-
|[[Phoenix ROM BIOS Ver 2.xx]]
|[[Phoenix ROM BIOS Ver 2.xx]]
|1986?
|1986(?)
|
|
|
|
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|1987
|1987
|
|
|A code fork by Dell exists. Probably considered as PhoenixBIOS 3.xx by Phoenix.
|A code fork by Dell exists, which was in use until around 2015. Likely internally considered as PhoenixBIOS 3.xx by Phoenix.
|-
|-
|[[PhoenixBIOS 4.0x]]
|[[PhoenixBIOS 4.0x]]
|1988
|1988
|
|
|A code fork by Intel exists
|A code fork by Intel exists, usually used on their very early motherboards.
|-
|-
|[[PhoenixBIOS Ax86]]
|[[PhoenixBIOS Ax86]]
|1990?
|1990(?)
|
|
|
|
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|1997
|1997
|
|
|Labelled as PhoenixBIOS 4.06 by Fujitsu-Siemens. Also used by VMware. A code fork by Intel also exists.
|Also used by VMware for the legacy BIOS option. Code forks by Intel and Siemens-Nixdorf/Fujitsu-Siemens also exists, with the latter usually being called "PhoenixBIOS 4.06". This fork may also be based on a pre-release version.
|-
|-
|[[Phoenix ServerBIOS 1]]
|[[Phoenix ServerBIOS 1]]
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|2002
|2002
|
|
|Referred to in [https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Phoenix+Technologies+launches+ServerBIOS+3.5+grid+edition+and...-a094959841 a news article]. Possibly an AMD-only special release.
|Referred to in [https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Phoenix+Technologies+launches+ServerBIOS+3.5+grid+edition+and...-a094959841 a news article]
|-
|[[Phoenix cME FirstBIOS]]
|2004
|
|
|}
|}

Revision as of 15:55, 9 July 2024

PhoenixBIOS is a personal computer BIOS developed by Phoenix Technologies since 1983. It is the first IBM PC compatible BIOS to be legally licensed to other system vendors, and thus marks the beginning of competition between Phoenix and other commercial BIOS vendors who later developed their own solutions (such as American Megatrends with their AMIBIOS and Award Software with their AwardBIOS).

Prior to its introduction, vendors attempted to implement their own compatible solutions by copying portions of the IBM BIOS source code from reference manuals, which was illegal due to copyright infringement and usually resulted in legal action by IBM.[1] Phoenix developed its solution using a method called the "Chinese Wall" to avoid copyright infringement. Using this method, one group of their engineers first read the reference manuals to reverse engineer the various functions of the BIOS, documenting how they worked without writing any actual code, and then passed those documents to another engineer who wrote his own code to mimic those functions. According to Phoenix's Vice President of Marketing, Lance Hansche, "He (the engineer) was a TI-9900 programmer" and that "The TI-9900 processor (Texas Instruments TMS9900) is stack oriented, it doesn't have registers like the (Intel) 8088" and also that "There's no way his code could be the same as IBM's, it took us 3 months of memos to convince him to use registers at all!"[2]. During this process, the audit trail of both groups' interactions was also recorded to prove the legality of their implementation. Since the engineer who wrote the BIOS never looked at the reference manuals, he could not have copied the IBM BIOS source code, so this implementation did not violate IBM's copyright and was therefore legal.

Today, especially since the early 2010s, it has been largely replaced by SecureCore, which is Phoenix's UEFI solution.

List of known versions

The following is a list of known versions of PhoenixBIOS.

List of known PhoenixBIOS versions
Main core version Main core release date POST screen Notes
Phoenix ROM BIOS Ver 1.xx 1984
Phoenix ROM BIOS Ver 2.xx 1986(?)
Phoenix ROM BIOS PLUS 1987 A code fork by Dell exists, which was in use until around 2015. Likely internally considered as PhoenixBIOS 3.xx by Phoenix.
PhoenixBIOS 4.0x 1988 A code fork by Intel exists, usually used on their very early motherboards.
PhoenixBIOS Ax86 1990(?)
PhoenixBIOS 4.0 Release 6.x 1997 Also used by VMware for the legacy BIOS option. Code forks by Intel and Siemens-Nixdorf/Fujitsu-Siemens also exists, with the latter usually being called "PhoenixBIOS 4.06". This fork may also be based on a pre-release version.
Phoenix ServerBIOS 1 1997
Phoenix ServerBIOS 2 2000
Phoenix ServerBIOS 3 2001
Phoenix ServerBIOS 3.5 Grid Edition 2002 Referred to in a news article
Phoenix cME FirstBIOS 2004